Engaged

A creature that is within Melee Attack range of another creature is engaged with them.

A creature that is engaged in melee with a hostile combatant has the following penalties:

• They have Disadvantage on Spellcasting unless the Spell has a Spell Range of Touch.
• They have Disadvantage on Ranged Attacks.

Objects can also count as engaged when relevant.

The default range for a Melee Attack is roughly 5 feet.